Jesus had repeatedly prophesied beforehand about His own resurrection

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From “How to become a Christian”: Chapter 11 – Proof that the resurrection really happened

The resurrection of Jesus took the disciples by surprise, but it shouldn’t have done, because He had already told them many times that it would happen.  He spoke about it publicly, such that even the unbelievers and officials knew He had said it:

20And He said to them, “But who do you say that I am?” And Peter answered and said, “The Christ of God.”  21But He warned them and instructed them not to tell this to anyone,  22saying, “The Son of Man must suffer many things and be rejected by the elders and chief priests and scribes, and be killed and be raised up on the third day.”

Luke 9:20-22 (NASB)

31And he began to teach them that the Son of man must suffer many things, and be rejected by the elders and the chief priests and the scribes, and be killed, and after three days rise again. 32And he said this plainly. And Peter took him, and began to rebuke him. 33But turning and seeing his disciples, he rebuked Peter, and said, “Get behind me, Satan! For you are not on the side of God, but of men.” 

Mark 8:31-33 (RSV)

31because he was teaching his disciples. He said to them, “The Son of Man is going to be betrayed into the hands of men. They will kill him, and after three days he will rise.” 32But they did not understand what he meant and were afraid to ask him about it.    

Mark 9:31-32 (NIV)

31Then He took the twelve aside and said to them, “Behold, we are going up to Jerusalem, and all things which are written through the prophets about the Son of Man will be accomplished.  32“For He will be handed over to the Gentiles, and will be mocked and mistreated and spit upon,  33and after they have scourged Him, they will kill Him; and the third day He will rise again.”  34But the disciples understood none of these things, and the meaning of this statement was hidden from them, and they did not comprehend the things that were said.  

Luke 18:31-34 (NASB)

1Six days later Jesus took with Him Peter and James and John his brother, and led them up on a high mountain by themselves. 2And He was transfigured before them; and His face shone like the sun, and His garments became as white as light. 3And behold, Moses and Elijah appeared to them, talking with Him. 4Peter said to Jesus, “Lord, it is good for us to be here; if You wish, I will make three tabernacles here, one for You, and one for Moses, and one for Elijah.” 5While he was still speaking, a bright cloud overshadowed them, and behold, a voice out of the cloud said, “This is My beloved Son, with whom I am well-pleased; listen to Him!” 6When the disciples heard this, they fell face down to the ground and were terrified. 7And Jesus came to them and touched them and said, “Get up, and do not be afraid.” 8And lifting up their eyes, they saw no one except Jesus Himself alone. 9As they were coming down from the mountain, Jesus commanded them, saying, “Tell the vision to no one until the Son of Man has risen from the dead.” 

Matthew 17:1-9 (NASB)

22When they came together in Galilee, he said to them, “The Son of Man is going to be betrayed into the hands of men. 23They will kill him, and on the third day he will be raised to life.” And the disciples were filled with grief.  

Matthew 17:22-23 (NIV)

62The next day, the one after Preparation Day, the chief priests and the Pharisees went to Pilate. 63“Sir,” they said, “we remember that while he was still alive that deceiver said, ‘After three days I will rise again.’ 64So give the order for the tomb to be made secure until the third day. Otherwise, his disciples may come and steal the body and tell the people that he has been raised from the dead. This last deception will be worse than the first.” 65“Take a guard,” Pilate answered. “Go, make the tomb as secure as you know how.” 66So they went and made the tomb secure by putting a seal on the stone and posting the guard. 

Matthew 27:62-66 (NIV)
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